Accounting Financial and Management
Accounting
Accounting
system with its various sub units is a critical part of the SAP solution,integration
of various aspects of accounting with each other and with logistic and human
resources application becomes a management tool for all company
depatements.Interfaces with the logistic chain from procurenment to sales allow
the optimization of operational processes.The effeciency of this kind of
solutions is increased by including cross
company business processes with costumers,suppiers,or financial
instituation.
SAP R/3 Accounting System consistn
of several components
*Financial
Accounting
*Corporate
Finance Management
*Profitability
and sales Accounting Include
*Overhead
Cost Controlling Includes
*Investment
Management(Allow company wide planning
of capital investment programs and control of individual capital
investment measures.
*Project
Management(Allow efficiency plannin , cost sensitive control and target
oriented implementation of projects with comprehensive integration with
controlling and logistic.
Organiztional
element
An
effective system includes more than legers,account,and documents.
The
SAP R/3 FI-SL system also conveys actual values for the integrated controlling
object,(cost center,order,cost object,profit center)contained in SAP .SAP
accounting system :
Corporate
group
Company(this
represents a legallyautonomurs entinty,composed of one or more company codes)
Company
Code(view of the company.Inte context of a company,the company code can also
represent a foreign operation thea carries inventory)
Business
Area(helps depict internal structure for external segment reporting)
Functional
Area(This area displays the profit and loss satetment according to cost of
sales accounting.This in corparasion to period accounting)
Profit
Center(this controling term is used to depict internal areas of responsibility,
CHART
O ACCOUNT
Ansures
a correct rendering of account.
As
an operational account
As
a local chart account
Aqs
a group chart of account
Costumer Master Account Receivable
This
data control the posting procedure and
subsequentr processing,such as payment and dunning.The costumer master
record is character by the following features:
.Provide
an overview of all of a cotumer data at any time
-allow
flexible acces to the data
-formsn
the data base that controls automatic dunning and automatic payment
transaction,
The
layout of costumer master
also leaves room for special requirement.
The
three part structure of master record makes it possible to flexibly depict
various organizational structures of an operation:-General data,Data for
Company Codes,Data for sales.
Vendor master account payble
The
vendor master record contains all the information a company needs for its
business relationship with vendors .This data controls the pposting transaction
as well as the processing of posting data.
This
vendor master record provides the following:
-Overview
of all data for a given vendo
Flexible
data acces
Baseline
data used to control payment transaction and to rpresent bussiness procces
-General
data
-Company
Codee
-Purchasing
Organization data
ASSET
MANGEMENT
Increasing
automation makes planning and monitoring of fixed assets for external and
internal accounting purpose ever more important,In aadition to pure accounting
and balance sheet preparation,there are extensive requirement for controlling
and maintancw monitoring
The
asset super number is used in reporting to add up any desired number of asset
master records.Regadardless of the process sequence used to capitalize the
assets , the integrated system supports all conceivable transaction including:
Asset
acquisiton preceded by a purchase order generated
Asset
acquisiton without a purchase order based on vendor invoice
Asset
acquisition through in house production of capital investmen project or capital investment order
ACCOUNT
BALANCES
A
line item display provide an overview of the open,cleared and parked items drom
an account,Various sort by assigment document number or clearing data,Line item
displays function are available for : An account in company code
An
account group in a group of company codes(worklist)
FINANCIAL
ACCOUNTING
A
shared database
Non
redundant data creation and maintance
Documentation
and riview system that can be clarly verified at any time
Complete
Acces to all Application
Reporting
And information system that can be fully costumized
ACCOUNT
RECEIVABLE
Incoming
payment can be assigned to due receivable using either the convenient antry
function or automatic data tranfer.
ACCOUNT
PAYABLE
Manage
accounting data for all vendors,It is also an itegral component of the
acquisition process.Payment made so that maximum ad vantages is taken of
available discpunt,using either stadard written forms or electroni meanssuch as
EDIFACT or edi .
ACCOUTING
DOCUMENT
Two
types of document
1.Original
document
2.Processing
document
Example
of original documents
Receips,Invoice,Check.Bank
Statements
Example
of processing document
-Accounting
Document
PAYMENT
TRAVEL
MANAGEMENT AND EXPENSE REIMBURSEMENT
Trips
cost time and money not only for person travelling but for everyone involveld
in the planning approving verifing and accounting of trips.
PAYMENT
AND TRANSFER TO PAYROLL ACCOUNTING
Payment
of expenses can be accomplisehd via finansial acaounting.Parool accoutnign ir
data medium exchage with credit institutions .Wheter travel expenses are paid
via payroll ccountign in your company or not ,the result are transferres to payroll
accountign if there are additional amounts for taxation.
MANAGEMENT
ACCOUNTING
FI
and CO standard versus flexibility
All
accounting function necassary for effective controlling.If an organization
divides accoutnigin into internal and external viewpoints,CO represent the
internal accoutnign oresoective because in provides information for manager
those who are inside an organization and are chaged with directing and
controlling its operation,Financial statement required for external reporting
porpose are created in FI.
COMPONENTS OF MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING
The
mySAP Financials jey function area management accouting is comprised of
application component in the controlling CO and Enterprise Controlling EC
area.Controlling provides you with information for management decision making
it facilitates coordination,monitoring,and optimizaation.This Involves
recording Both the consumtion of production factor and theprovide b an
organization.
Internal
Order
Activity
Base Costing
Product
Cost Controlling
Profitabilit
Analysis
Key
Enterprise Controlling Capabilities
-Profit
Center Accounting(evaluates the profit or loss of idividual,independent areas
within an organization)
Consolidation(EC-CS)provides
the ability to consolidate financial data for both external and internal
accounting prespective.
MASTER DATA
The
mySAP financial Controlling aapplication carries cost and revenue element
accounting in a single Controlling Area only,the Primary Organizational element
of Controlling.
OVERHEAD COST CONTROLLING
Overhead Planning Monitoring control and coordination is such areas as research and development,Procurenment,Work Scheduling and maintance is gaining more Importance.
Overhead Planning Monitoring control and coordination is such areas as research and development,Procurenment,Work Scheduling and maintance is gaining more Importance.
Cost
Center Accounting
The
cost Center Accounting Componet determines where costs appear in the
organization.You Theraby aassign cost to their organizational subareas.
Internal
Order
Are
normally used to plan , collect,and settle the costs of internal jobs and task.
Internal
orders are categorized as either:
*Standard
orders used only for monitoring object in cost accounting
*Productive
orders that are value added thet is orders that can be caplitalized .
Activity
Based Costing
Is
a relative new cost accounting method used by some comapnies to monitor costs
by business process rather than cost center.
Product
Cost Controlling
Is
par of mySAP Financials Controlling Application Cpmponent and is an tool for
managing costs related to the manufacturing process and the rendering of
service.
Profitability
Management
mySAP
financial provides you with two tools for evaluating profitability in such a
decentralized environment:
Profitability
Anylisis with an external view of your profitability .allow to monitor and
analyze the contribution of your market segment and unit
Profitability
Center Accounting(EC-PCA)
Provide
you with an internal views of your profitability.Make it possible to evaluate
the operating profit of different areas or units within your enterprise.
Posting
In Controlling
When
an FI document is created that post to an expense account for which
corresponding primary cost element was
created in CO ,and a valid controlling object is identified for the expensive
revenue line item a controlling document is alsi created.
This
Co document with its own unique number contains the folowing details:
*Controlling
object posted to
*Thecost
element Used
*The
Amount
*The
date
When
primary cost is iniial posted into Co,it is treated as a one sided-journal
entry ,unlike a traditional balanced financial accoutnign journal entry.
INTEGRATION
All
importnt transaction in the controlling application appear in separate
controlling document.Accountign from the following Application Components
-Financial
ccounting
-Assets
Accounting
-Materials
Management
-Material
Consumption
-Production
Planning
-Personnel
Administration and Payroll
